Sabtu, 22 Oktober 2016
Sentence Pattern: Noun + Verb + Adverbial
Sentence Pattern:
Noun + Verb +
Adverbial
v ILUSTRATION
Flight 891 is on the runway ready for
takeoff. The passangers had waited in
the airline terminal for one hour. The palne’s departure was announced over the
loudspeaker ten minutes ago. They walked to the gate and climbed aboard the
plane. Some passangers are travelling for pleasure, while others are going on
business. Still others are travelling for family reasons. A few students are
returning to their universities. The passangers will fly for about three hours.
They will arrive at the airport in Kamata-Mata at 6.30 P.M.
Sentences
Pattern: Noun + Verb + Prepositional Phrase
NOUN PHRASE
|
VERB PHRASE
|
|
Noun
|
Verb
|
Prepositional Phrase
|
-
The passangers
-
The departure
-
They
-
They
-
Some passangers
-
Others
-
Students
-
They
-
They
-
they
|
had waited
was announced
walked
climbed
are traveling
are going
are returning
will fly
will arrive
will land
|
in the terminal.(place)
over the loudspeaker. (manner)
to the gate. (place)
aboard the plane. (place)
for pleasure. (reason)
on business. (reason)
to their universities. (place)
for three hours. (time)
at the airport. (place)
at 6:30 p.m. (time)
|
These are examples from the preceding
paragraph on the sentence pattern
noun
+ verb + prepositional phrase. The prepositional phrases here function as
adverb. They show place (where), manner (how), time(when, how long), and reason
or purpose (why).
Place:
in New York, at the office, by the sea, near the station, on the desk, under
the table, over the fireplace, above the bookcase, beside the window.
Manner:
by ship, by telephone, by airmail, with a smile, like a duck, in a hurry, by
chance, by accident, by plane, by taxi.
Time:
at 6:00, on Wednesday, in an hour, in two days, for three weeks, during the
summer, after 8:00, before breakfast, until noon, on time, about three days,
from 9:15 to 12:45.
Reason
: for pleasure, on business, on purpose, for his/her health, for experience.
Make more sentences using the noun + verb
+ prepositional phrase pattern by adding
prepositional phrases of the types indicated
in parentheses to the following sentences.
Example:
Mr.and Mrs.Novak live in California (place)
1. They are traveling ____________________ (time)
2. They are traveling ____________________
(manner)
3. Their plane will arrive _________________
(place, time)
4. They will stay ________________________
(place)
5. The museums open ___________________ (time)
6. The stores open ______________________ (time)
7. Mrs. Novak may go ___________________ (place)
8. They will sometimes walk ______________
(place)
9. They will often eat ____________________
(place)
DISCUSSION
The order for prepositional phrases used
as adverbs is the same as for simple adverbs: place, manner, time.
Prepositional phrases telling why about the verb (expressing reason) usually
follow adverbs of place and time. As with adverbs, this order should be
regarded as a dependable guide, not as an absolute rule.
Study the prepositional phrases in the
sentences.
NOUN PHRASE
|
VERB PHRASE
|
|
Noun
|
Verb
|
Prepositional Phrase
|
She
He
I
You
We
They
|
is going
is going
am going
are going
are going
are going
|
to Chicago on business
on Sundayon business
to Chicago by train
by train on Monday
to Chicago by train
on Tuesday
|
Order from the General to the Specific
When two or more prepositional phrase of the
same type (place, manner, time, reason) are used together, the order is usually
from the general to the specific.
He
lectures on Tuesday at 3:00. (general time, specific time)
At the beginning of a sentence
For variety or emphasis, some prepositional
phrases may be used at the beginning of sentences.
On
Saturday she is going to Chicago.
In
New York I met a famous writer.
EXERCISES
A. Combine the
following pairs and groups of sentences, making sure that the adverbs and
prepositional phrases are placed in acceptable order. Write the new sentences
on a separate of paper.
Example:
The
sea otter lives along the Asiatic and North American coasts.
It
lives in the Pacific Ocean.
The
sea otter lives in the Pacific Ocean along the Asiatic and North American coasts.
1. The number of otters decreased dramatically.
It decreased before 1938.
It decreased because of intense hunting.
2. The sea otter population has been growing
since 1938.
It has been growing in the North Pacific.
It has been growing significantly.
3. The otter lives in cold water.
It lives comfortably.
4. Otters come together for sleep and social
life.
They come together in herds.
They come together a short distance from the
shore.
5. They swim expertly.
They swim through seaweed “forests.”
They swim in search of shellfish.
B.
Complete the following sentences by supplying
objects for the preposition. Write the sentences on a separate sheet of paper.
Example:
Alice
lives in Sanfrancisco near the bay.
1. She lives in ____________________ on
___________________
2. She works in ___________________ near
_________________
3. Her work begins in ______________ at
___________________
4. She travels to __________________ by
___________________
5. Her bus stops at ________________ near
_________________
C.
Make new sentences by adding adverbs and
prepositional phrases that give the information indicated in parentheses after
each sentence. Write the new sentences on a separate sheet of paper in
paragraph form.
Example:
Dr.Brown teaches. (where) (when)
Dr.Brown
teaches at a technical institute in the evening.
1. Dr.Frans lectured. (where) (when)
2. She talked. (how long)
3. She spoke. (how)
4. They asked questions and took notes. (when)
5. The professor answered (how) and (how)
6. The students understood. (when)
7. They applaud.
(how) (when)
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