Kamis, 11 Mei 2017
Materi Pelajaran Bahasa Inggris Kelas XI SMA
SMA NEGERI 1 KENDARI
Kelas ` : XI
Semester : 2
T.A : 2016-1027
Materi pelajaran Bahasa Inggris
A.
Explanation Text
B.
Conditional Sentences
Type 1, 2 and 3
C.
Active and Passive Voice
Bentuk-bentuk tenses-nya
antara lain:
-
Simple Present Tense
-
Simple Past Tense
-
Present Future Tense
-
Past Future Tense
-
Past Perfect Tense
-
Past Future Perfect Tense
D. Relative Pronoun
D. Relative Pronoun
E.
Expressions of asking and giving opinion
1.
Explanation Text
What is Explanation?
Definition and purposes of Explanation
Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social,
scientific and cultural phenomena. Explanation text is to say ‘why’ and ‘how’
of the forming of the phenomena. It is often found in science, geography and
history text books.
Generic structures of Explanation
§
General
statement; stating the phenomenon issues which are to be explained.
§
Sequenced
explanation; stating a series of steps which explain the phenomena.
§
Closing
Language Features
§
Using
passive voice pattern
§
Using simple
present tense
Ketahuilah
pulah hal- hal di bawah ini yang berkaitan dengan Explanation Text dari
beberapa uraian diatas.
ü Communicative Purpose atau purpose
sama dengan Social Function
ü Generic Structures ( Susunan
penulisannya secara umum)
ü Language Features (Ciri-ciri
kebahasaannya)
Sebelum
anda mempelajari materi pada blog ini lebih jauh, perhatikanlah hal penting di bawah
ini
Bagi yang pernah ikut Les Privat bahasa Inggris di tempat saya untuk semester ke Dua ini dan
mendapatkan materi tentang:
v Kalimat pengandaian
type 3 dan kalimat aktif-pasif untuk Simple Past Tense, di situ ada kesalahan
pengetikan. Kesalahan pengetikan di beri
blok merah, perbaikannya di beri blok hijau. Terimakasih.
Contoh kalimat Pengandaian
Type 3
1.
If her
grandfather had been immediately taken to the hospital, he would have been
saved.(Jika kakeknya segera dibawa ke
rumah sakit, dia akan selamat.)
Fact: Her grandfather didn’t immediately taken to the hospital, so he didn’t save. (Kakeknya tidak segera dibawa ke rumah sakit, sehingga dia tidak selamat.)
Fact: Her grandfather didn’t immediately taken to the hospital, so he didn’t save. (Kakeknya tidak segera dibawa ke rumah sakit, sehingga dia tidak selamat.)
Perbaikan:
Fact: Her grandfather wasn’t
immediately taken to the hospital, so he didn’t save. (Kakeknya
tidak segera dibawa ke rumah sakit, sehingga dia tidak selamat.)
2.
Simple Past tense
AV: S + Verb-2 + ...
PV: S + was, were +
Verb-3 + by + ...
Example:
AV: They build a new houses.
PV: A new houses was built by them.
Build, built, built, building =
membangun
AV: Mereka membangun
sebuah rumah baru.
PV: Sebuah rumah baru
di bangun oleh mereka.
Perbaikan:
AV: They built a new house.
PV: A new house was built by them.
·
Example
and Generic structures of Explanation text
Making
Paper from Woodchips
A general statement
|
Woodchipping is a process used to obtain pulp and
paper products from forest trees.
|
The woodchipping process begins when the trees are
cut down in a selected area of the forest called a coupe.
|
|
Sequenced explanation
|
Next the tops and branches of the trees are cut out
and then the logs are taken to the mill.
|
At the mill the bark of the logs is removed and the
logs are taken to a chipper which cuts them into small pieces called
woodchips.
The woodchips are then screened to remove dirt and
other impurities.At this stage they are either exported in this
form or changed into pulp by chemicals and heat.
The pulp is then bleached and the water content is
removed.
|
|
Closing
|
Finally the pulp is rolled out to make paper.
|
2. Conditional Sentences
Conditional sentence type 2 digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang tidak mungkin terjadi karena syaratnya tidak mungkin terpenuhi. Kalimat ini digunakan untuk membicarakan fakta yang bertolak belakang dengan masa sekarang.
Pola Kalimat Pengadaian Type 2
If + Simple Past Tense, Past Future Tense
Atau:
Past Future Tense + If + Simple Past Tense
Contoh kalimat
pengandaian Type 2
1.
I would join the English course if I went to England
=
Saya akan ikut kursus bahasa Inggris seandainya saya pergi ke Inggris.
Fact(fakta): I don’t go to England
= Saya tidak pergi ke Inggris
2.
If I were you, I would be very angry.
= Jika
saya menjadi kamu, saya akan sangat marah.
Atau: I would be very angry if I
were you
Fact: I’m not you
= Saya bukan kamu.
Conditional Sentence Type 3
Pada conditional sentence type 3, syaratnya tidak mungkin terpenuhi karena terjadi di masa lampau sehingga peristiwanya tidak mungkin terjadi. Kalimat ini digunakan untuk membicarakan harapan yang tidak terwujud di masa lalu.
Pada conditional sentence type 3, syaratnya tidak mungkin terpenuhi karena terjadi di masa lampau sehingga peristiwanya tidak mungkin terjadi. Kalimat ini digunakan untuk membicarakan harapan yang tidak terwujud di masa lalu.
Pola Kalimat Pengandaian Type 3
If + Past Perfect Tense, Past Future Perfect
Tense
Atau:
Past Future Perfect Tense + If + Past Perfect
Tense
Contoh kalimat Pengandaian
Type 3
1.
If her
grandfather had been immediately taken to the hospital, he would have been
saved.
= Jika kakeknya telah segera dibawa ke rumah sakit, dia akan sudah di
selamatkan
Fact: Her grandfather wasn’t immediately taken to the hospital, so he didn’t save.
Fact: Her grandfather wasn’t immediately taken to the hospital, so he didn’t save.
= Kakeknya tidak segera dibawa ke rumah sakit, sehingga dia tidak selamat.
2.
If Jono had studied hard, he would have passed the
exam.
= Jika Jono belajar dengan sungguh-sungguh, Jono akan lulus ujian.
Fact: Jono didn’t study hard, so he didn’t pass the exam.
Fact: Jono didn’t study hard, so he didn’t pass the exam.
=Jono tidak belajar sungguh-sungguh, sehingga dia tidak lulus ujian.
3. Active and Passive Voice
1. Simple Present tense
AV: S + Verb-1 + s/es
+ ...
PV: S + am, is, are +
Verb-3 + by + ...
Example:
AV: She sends an
email
PV: An email is sent
by her
Send, sent, sent, sending =
mengirim
AV: Dia (prp)
mengirim sebuah email
PV: Sebuah email di
kirim oleh dia.
2. PresentFuture Tense
AV: S + will + Verb-1 + ...
PV: S + will + be +
Verb-3 + by + ...
Example:
AV: Wati will write a letter
PV: A letter will be
written by Wati
Write, wrote, writte, writing =
menulis
AV: Wati akan menulis surat
PV: Surat akan di
tulis oleh Wati
3. Simple Past tense
AV: S + Verb-2 + ...
PV: S + was, were +
Verb-3 + by + ...
Example:
AV: They build a new
house.
PV: A new house was
built by them.
Build, built, built, building =
membangun
AV: Mereka membangun
sebuah rumah baru.
PV: Sebuah rumah baru
di bangun oleh mereka.
4. Past Future Tense
AV: S + would + Verb-1 + ...
PV: S + would + be +
Verb-3 + by + ...
Example:
AV: Wati would write a letter
PV: A letter would be
written by Wati
Write, wrote, writte, writing =
menulis
AV: Wati akan menulis surat
PV: Surat akan di
tulis oleh Wati
5. Past Perfect Tense
AV: S + had + Verb-3
+ ...
PV: S + had +been +
Verb-3 + by + ...
Example:
AV: Juleo and Antoni
had visited Nambo Beach
PV: Nambo Beach had
been visited by Juleo and Antoni
Visit, visited, visited,
visiting = mengunjungi
AV: Juleo dan Antoni
telah mengunjungi Pantai Nambo
PV: Pantai Nambo
telah di kunjungi oleh Juleo dan Antoni.
6. Past Future Perfect Tense
AV: S + woul + have +
Verb-3 + ...
PV: S + would +have +
been + Verb-3 + by + ...
Example:
AV: Marlon would have
done those assignments.
PV: Those assignments
would have been done by Marlon
Visit, visited, visited,
visiting = mengunjungi
AV: Marlon akan sudah
mengerjakan tugas-tugas itu.
PV: Tugas-tugas itu
akan sudah dikerjakan oleh Marlon.
4. Relative Pronoun
A relative pronoun is a pronoun that introduces an adjective clause. In English, the
relative pronouns are:
·
Who
·
Whom
·
Which
·
That
·
Whose
Your choice of relative pronoun is
determined by whether it refers to a person or a thing.
Here, we just learn about “who, whom and which”
·
Who and whom refer to “people”.
·
Which refers to”
things”.
Terjemahan dari kalimat-kalimat diatas:
Relative Pronoun
Sebuah relative pronoun merupakan sebuah
pronoun(kata ganti) yang memperkenalkan sebuah klausa kata sifat. Adapun
relative Pronoun dalam bahasa Inggris antara lain:
·
That

·
Which
·
Who semua relative pronoun ini
diterjemahkan “yang”
·
Whom
·
Whose
Pilihan anda
pada relative pronoun ditentukan melalui pilihan orang atau benda.
Disini, kita hanya mempelajari tentang “who, whom dan which”
sebagai batasan materi kita.
·
Who and whom merujuk pada “orang”
·
Which merujuk pada
“benda”
Penjelasan
sederhana tentang rujukan tiap relative pronoun.
1. Baca
ke dua kalimat yang terpisah.
2. Cari
kata yang identik pada kedua kalimat tersebut.
3. Rujukan
untuk menentukan pilihan atau penempatan relative pronoun ada pada kalimat yang
ke dua dari kedua kalimat tersebut.
4. Lihat
kata yang identik tersebut, apakah dia sebagai subyek atau obyek dan atau
sebagai orang atau benda.
5. Kalau
kata yang identik tersebut adalah orang dan posisinya sebagai subyek maka
kalimat itu bila di gabungkan dengan menggunakan relative pronoun, maka yang
cocok adalah “who”
6. Kalau
kata yang identik tersebut adalah orang dan posisinya sebagai obyek maka
kalimat itu bila di gabungkan dengan menggunakan relative pronoun, maka yang
cocok adalah “whom”
7. Kalau
kata yang identik tersebut adalah benda dan posisinya sebagai subyek maka
kalimat itu bila di gabungkan dengan menggunakan relative pronoun, maka yang
cocok adalah “which”
8. Pada
saat di gabungkan nanti dalam bentuk kalimat dengan menggunakan relative pronoun, maka kata yang identik pada kalimat yang kedua di
hilangkan.
Perhatikan
contoh – contoh kalimat di bawah
1. - The boy is my classmate = Anak laki-laki itu adalah teman kelasku.
- He is
very handsome = Dia sangat
ganteng.
Catatan:
Dari kedua
kalimat diatas yang identik adalah “The
boy dan he”
Pada kalimat
kedua, kata “he” posisinya sebagai “subyek”. Dia adalah orang.
Untuk
menggantikan orang sebagai subyek adalah “who”
Maka
kalimat diatas di buat dalam kalimat dengan menggunakan relative pronoun akan
menjadi:
“The boy who is very handsome is my classmate.”
Kata
“he” pada kalimat kedua di hilangkan.
2. - The student
always attended the International Seminar last month.
- The mayor will give him reward next week.
Catatan:
Dari
kedua kalimat diatas yang identik adalah “The
student dan him”
Pada
kalimat kedua, kata “him” posisinya sebagai “obyek”. Dia adalah orang.
Untuk
menggantikan orang sebagai obyek adalah “whom”
Maka kalimat
diatas di buat dalam kalimat dengan menggunakan relative pronoun akan menjadi:
“The student whom
the mayor will give reward next week always attended the International Seminar
last month.”
Kata
“him” pada kalimat kedua di hilangkan.
3. - The cheesecake
is one of my family’s snack.
- We eat it at least twice a week.
Catatan:
Dari
kedua kalimat diatas yang identik adalah “The
cheesecake dan it”
Pada
kalimat kedua, kata “it” posisinya sebagai “obyek”. Dia adalah benda.
Untuk
menggantikan benda sebagai obyek adalah “which”
Maka kalimat
diatas di buat dalam kalimat dengan menggunakan relative pronoun akan menjadi:
“ “ The cheesecake which we
eat at least twice a week is one of my family’s favorite meals.”
Kata
“it” pada kalimat kedua di hilangkan.
( Explanation Text, Conditional Sentences, Active-Passive Voice, Relative Pronoun. Poin E baca saja serta materi di bawahnya sebagai tambahan ilmu anda.
5. Expressions of asking and giving opinion
Opinion is including the words of opinion and argument/ reasons.
Opinion dialogue is a dialog consists of two persons or more who have opinion each others. It can use the expressions, such as in my opinion, in my view, I think etc. Argument dialogue is a dialog that states the arguments or reasons. It can use the words such as first, second etc for arranging arguments.
Opinion dialogue is a dialog consists of two persons or more who have opinion each others. It can use the expressions, such as in my opinion, in my view, I think etc. Argument dialogue is a dialog that states the arguments or reasons. It can use the words such as first, second etc for arranging arguments.
Asking opinion :
Formal :
- Have you got any comments on …..
- Do you have any ideas?
- Do you have any opinions on ……
- Would you give me your opinion on……….?
- What is your reaction to ……
- What is your opinion about……….?
- What are you feeling about………….?
- What are your views on……….?
- Please give me your frank opinion?
Informal
- What do you think of…….?
- What do you think about………?
- What is your opinion?
- Why do they behave like that?
- Do you think it’s going?
- How do you like?
- How was the trip?
- How do you think of Rina’s idea ?
- How do you feel about this dicition?
Giving opinion
Formal :
- I personally believe …..
- I personally consider ….
- I personally think /feel ….
- I hold the opinion ….
- My own view of the matter is ……
- Well, personally …….
- If I had my view, I would …..
- I personally believe …..
- I personally consider ….
- I personally think /feel ….
- I hold the opinion ….
- My own view of the matter is ……
- Well, personally …….
- If I had my view, I would …..
Informal
- I think I like it.
- I don’t think I care for it.
- I think it’s good/nice/terrific……..
- I think that awful/not nice/terrible…………
- I don’t think much of it.
- I think that……..
- In my opinion, I would rather……….
- In my case …..
- What I’m more concerned with ….
- What I have in my mind is………
- The way I see is that…………
- No everyone will agree with me, but ….
- To my mind …..
- From my point of view ….
- If you aks me, I feel ….
- Absolutely ………
Exercises = Latihan
Direction:
I.
Answer the following questions
correctly!
= Jawablah pertanyaan-
pertanyaan berikut ini dengan benar!
1.
What is the social function of explanation text?
2.
What are the generic structures of explanation text?
Jawab:
1.
The social function of explanation text is to
explain the processes involved in the formation or working of natural or
socio-cultural phenomena.
2.
The generic structures of explanation text are general statement, sequenced
explanation and closing.
II. Change
the following sentences into conditional sentences type 2 and 3 and then
determine their facts correctly!
(Ubahlah
kalimat-kalimat berikut kedalam kalimat pengandaian type 2 dan 3 lalu tentukan
faktanya dengan benar!)
1.
If you buy the new book, you
will enjoy reading the story.
2.
She will miss the
morning class if she does not wake up earlier.
Jawab:
1.
Type 2: If you bought the
new book, you would enjoy reading the story.
Fact: you don’t buy the new book.
Type 3: If
you had bought the new book, you would have enjoyed reading the story.
Fact: you didn’t buy the new book.
2.
Type 2: She would miss
the morning class if she did not wake up earlier.
Fact: She wakes up earlier.
Type 3: She
would have missed the morning class if
she had bot woken up earlier.
Fact: She woke up earlier.
III.
Change
the following sentences into passive voice correctly!
(Ubahlah
kalimat-kalimat berikut ini kedalam kalimat pasif dengan benar!)
1.
She always borrows
the small English book at the library. (Dia selalu meminjam buku bahasa Inggris
kecil itu di perpustakaan) Simple Present
Tense
2.
Joni will
revise his thesis. (Joni akan memperbaiki skripsinya) Present Future Tense
3.
Daniel
cleaned the floor two days ago.(Daniel membersihkan lantai dua hari yang lalu) Simple Past Tense
4.
The students
would buy the novel books. (Para siswa akan membeli buku-buku novel itu.) Past Future Tense
5. The
man had watched The Dark Knight Rises. (Pria itu telah menonton The Dark Knight
Rises.) Past Perfect Tense
6.
Diana would
have finished all assignments tonight.
(Diana akan menyelesaikan semua tugas-tugas malam ini.) Past Future Perfect Tense
Jawab:
1. Passive: The small English book is always
borrowed by her at the library.
2. Passive: His thesis will be revised
by Joni.
3. Passive: The floor was cleaned by
Daniel two days ago.
4. Passive: The Novel books would be
bought by the students.
5. Passive: The
Dark Knight Rises had been watched by the man.
6. Passive: All assignments would have
been finished by Diana tonight.
IV. Choose
the best answer properly!
1. X : We’ll have a long
holiday next month.
What are you going to do?
Y : ....
X : I hope you have a nice trip.
a. I am thinking of going to West Muna
b. Sorry, I can’t tell you
c. It’s not your business
d. I have nothing to do
e. I don’t know what to do
What are you going to do?
Y : ....
X : I hope you have a nice trip.
a. I am thinking of going to West Muna
b. Sorry, I can’t tell you
c. It’s not your business
d. I have nothing to do
e. I don’t know what to do
2. A
: What do you think about the film ?
B : I
think .......................
a. I like it
b. Thank
you
c. I
can’t hear you
d. you
forget it
e.
let’s go
3. ........................ he is polite.
a. I don’t think
b. I
don’t
c. What
do you
d. What
your opinion
e. I
don’t understand
4. Eric
: I think our city is very hot at the moment.
Eric
: I don’t think so ................ our city is much cooler than other cities
in this country.
a. I
know it
b. I
am thinking of
c. He
forget it
d. In my opinion
e.
see you
5. Bowo
: I feel tired and I feel dizzy.
Sri : I think …. Don’t leave the bed if it is not necessary.
a. you must sing
b. you should lie down and have some rest
c. you can see the doctor tonight
d. I will take you to the hospital
e. I must take some rest, too
Sri : I think …. Don’t leave the bed if it is not necessary.
a. you must sing
b. you should lie down and have some rest
c. you can see the doctor tonight
d. I will take you to the hospital
e. I must take some rest, too
Materi di bawah
ini tidak kalah pentingnya anda pelajari. Bacalah baik-baik.
Disini anda mempelajari mengenai penggunaan some, any, many, much, dan a lot of. “Some” dan “any”
mempunyai arti yang sama yaitu “beberapa” tetapi dalam penggunaan didalam
kalimat tidaklah sama. “Many, much, a lot of” mempunyai arti yang sama yaitu “
banyak” tetapi didalam penggunaannya didalam kalimat juga tidaklah sama. Untuk
lebih jelasnya dibawah ini akan di uraikan pembahasannya secara detail satu
persatu serta di berikan beberapa contoh soal yang menyangkut materi ini Sekamat
belajar! Semoga sukses.
1. Some = beberapa
Some/ beberapa digunakan pada kata benda yang bisa dihitung (countable
noun) dantidak bisa dihitung(uncountable noun) tetapi
penggunaanya hanya pada kalimat positif saja.
(+) Mother brought some apples yesterday.
Perhatikan pada kata yang digaris bawahi “some” didalam kalimat “Mother
brought someapples yesterday”. Kata “some” mengikuti benda yang bisa dihitung/
countable noun yaituapples
(+ ) The seller pour some milk into the
porridge.
Perhatikan pada kata yang digaris bawahi “some” didalam kalimat “The seller
pour some milkinto the porridge”. Kata “some” mengikuti benda yang
tidak bisa dihitung/ uncountable noun yaitu milk.
2. Any = beberapa
Any/ beberapa digunakan pada kata benda yang bisa dihitung (countable
noun) dan tidak bisa dihitung (uncountable noun)dan penggunaanya
pada kalimat negatif (-) dan interrogative (?)
Contoh:
(- ) Mother doesn’t buy any apples.
Perhatikan pada kata yang digaris bawahi “any” didalam kalimat “Mother
doesn’t buy anyapples”. Kata “any” mengikuti benda yang bisa dihitung/
countable noun yaitu apples.
(?) Do yo have any money ?
Perhatikan pada kata yang digaris bawahi “any” didalam kalimat “Do yo
have any money?”. Kata “any” mengikuti benda yang bisa tidak bisa
dihitung/ uncountable noun yaitumoney.
3. Many = banyak
Many/ banyak digunakan hanya pada kata benda yang bisa dihitung
[countable noun] dan penggunaanya pada kalimat positif (+), negatif (-), dan
interrogative (?).
Contoh:
(+ )Joni has many T-shirt in the cupboard.
Perhatikan pada kata yang digaris bawahi “many” didalam kalimat “Joni
has many T-shirt in the cupboard”. Kata “many” mengikuti
benda yang bisa dihitung/ countable noun yaituT-shirt.
(-) There are not many chairs in the
classroom.
Perhatikan pada kata yang digaris bawahi “many” didalam kalimat “There are
not manychairs in the classroom”. Kata “many” mengikuti benda yang bisa dihitung/
countable noun yaitu chairs.
Contoh:
(? ) Do you see many desks in the classroom
?
Perhatikan pada kata yang digaris bawahi “many” didalam kalimat “you
see many desks in the classroom ?”. Kata “many” mengikuti benda
yang bisa dihitung/ countable noun yaitudesks.
4. Much = banyak
Much/ banyak digunakan hanya pada kata benda yang tidak bisa
dihitung [uncountable noun] dan penggunaanya pada kalimat positif (+),
negatif (-), dan interrogative (?).
( + ) There is much ink in the bottle. (edited)
Perhatikan pada kata yang digaris bawahi “much” didalam kalimat “There
is much ink in the bottle”. Kata “much” mengikuti benda yang tidak bisa dihitung/
uncountable noun yaitu ink.
(- ) I don’t have much money anymore.
Perhatikan pada kata yang digaris bawahi “much” didalam kalimat “I don’t
have muchmoney anymore”. Kata “much” mengikuti benda yang tidak bisa dihitung/
uncountable noun yaitu money.
( ? ) Does mother need much salt.
Perhatikan pada kata yang digaris bawahi “much” didalam kalimat “Does
mother needmuch salt”. Kata “much” mengikuti benda yang tidak bisa
dihitung/ uncountable noun yaitu salt.
5. A lot of = banyak
A lot of/ banyak digunakan pada kata benda yang bisa dihitung (countable),
dan tidakbisa dihitung [uncountable noun] namun penggunaanya
hanya pada kalimat positif (+) saja.
( + ) There are a lot of shoes in the shoe
shop.
Perhatikan pada kata yang digaris bawahi “a lot of” didalam kalimat “There
are a lot ofshoes in the shoe shop”. Kata “much” mengikuti benda yang bisa dihitung/
countable noun yaitu shoes.
(+ ) Shinta needs a lot of money to buy a car.
Perhatikan pada kata
yang digaris bawahi “a lot of” didalam kalimat “Shinta needs a lot ofmoney to buy a car”.
Kata “much” mengikuti benda yang tidak bisa dihitung/ uncountable noun
yaitu money.
Disini kita akan fokus pada pengunaan kata “ any”
Any is a determiner and a pronoun.
Any as
a determiner
We use any before
nouns to refer to indefinite or unknown quantities or an unlimited entity:
Did you
bring any bread?
Mr
Jacobson refused to answer any questions.
If I
were able to travel back to any place and time in history, I would go to ancient
China.
Any as a determiner has two forms: a strong form and a
weak form. The forms have different meanings.
Weak form any:
indefinite quantities
We use any for indefinite quantities in questions and negative sentences. We use some in affirmative sentences:
Have you
got any eggs?
I
haven’t got any eggs.
I’ve got some eggs.
Not: I’ve got
any eggs.
We use weak form any only with uncountable nouns or with plural nouns:
[talking about fuel for the car]
Do I
need to get any
petrol? (+ uncountable noun)
There
aren’t any clean knives. They’re all in the dishwasher. (+ plural noun)
Warning:
We don’t use any with this meaning with singular countable nouns:
Have you
got any Italian cookery books? (or … an Italian cookery book?)
Not: Have you
got any Italian cookery book?
Strong form any meaning ‘it does not matter which’
We use any to
mean ‘it does not matter which or what’, to describe something which is not
limited. We use this meaning of any with all types of nouns and usually in affirmative
sentences.
In speaking we often stress any:
Call
0800675-437 for any information about the courses. (+ uncountable noun)
When you
make a late booking, you don’t know where you’re going to go, do you? It could
be any destination. (+ singular countable noun)
[talking about a contract for new employees]
Do we
have any form of agreement with new staff when they start? (+ singular countable noun)
[a parent talking to a child about a picture he has painted]
A:
I don’t
think I’ve ever seen you paint such a beautiful picture before. Gosh! Did you
choose the colours?
B:
We could
choose any colours we wanted. (+ plural countable noun)
See also:
Any as a pronoun
Any can be used as a pronoun (without a noun following)
when the noun is understood.
A:
Have you got some £1 coins on you?
B:
Sorry, I
don’t think I have any. (understood: I don’t think I have any £1 coins.)
[parents talking about their children’s school homework]
A:
Do you
find that Elizabeth gets lots of homework? Marie gets a lot.
B:
No not
really. She gets hardly any. (understood: She gets hardly any homework.)
A:
What did
you think of the cake? It was delicious, wasn’t it?
B:
I don’t
know. I didn’t get any. (understood: I didn’t get any of the cake.)
See also:
Any of
We use any with of before
articles (a/an,
the), demonstratives (this,
these), pronouns (you,
us) or possessives (his,
their):
Shall I
keep any of these spices? I think they’re all out of date.
Not: … any
these spices?
We use any of to
refer to a part of a whole:
Are any of you going to the meeting?
I
couldn’t answer any
of these questions.
I listen
to Abba but I’ve never bought any
of their music.
SELAMAT BELAJAR
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